测试类型及其测试场景

So before we begin, we should understand the term software development life cycle.

因此，在开始之前，我们应该了解术语软件开发生命周期。

A software development life cycle refers to a set of procedures that an organization follows in order to develop a software for the general public. Each organization is free to follow the type of life cycle model it prefers. Few of the models are given below:

软件开发生命周期是指组织为了为大众开发软件而遵循的一组过程。 每个组织都可以自由选择其喜欢的生命周期模型。 下面给出的模型很少：

1. Build and fix model

   建立并修复模型

2. Waterfall model

   瀑布模型

3. Increment process model

   增量过程模型

4. Evolutionary process model

   进化过程模型

5. Prototyping model

   原型模型

6. Spiral model

   螺旋模型

Given below is the life cycle of the waterfall model:

下面给出的是瀑布模型的生命周期：

To read more about the waterfall model:

要了解有关瀑布模型的更多信息：

From the life cycle diagram, we could identify that only writing the codes is not enough for developing a software. We need to test it before we could make the software available to the general public.

从生命周期图中，我们可以确定仅编写代码不足以开发软件。 我们需要先进行测试，然后才能向大众提供该软件。

Now let us look at some basic types of testing that must be done before making a software available to the public.

现在让我们看看在向公众发布软件之前必须完成的一些基本测试类型。

1.验收测试 (1. Acceptance Testing)

This type of testing is performed to produce user-specific software.A series of tests are performed which is used to verify all the requirements that the customer wants in his system. These tests are performed by the user and may range to well plan systematic series of tests. This type of test is performed for a few months and weeks. After discovering the errors through these testing, developers are required to fix the issues in order to satisfy the needs of the customer.

执行此类型的测试以生成特定于用户的软件。将执行一系列测试，这些测试用于验证客户对其系统的所有需求。 这些测试由用户执行，并且可能会很好地计划系统的一系列测试。 这种类型的测试进行了几个月和几周。 通过这些测试发现错误之后，开发人员需要修复问题，以满足客户的需求。

2. Alpha测试 (2. Alpha Testing)

This type of testing is usually performed when the software is being developed for the general public to use. As the name suggests ‘alpha testing’ this means the testing is performed at the developer’s site by a customer. Under the developer’s environment and as the errors are encountered they are reported immediately to the developer. To perform this kind of testing some potential customers are shortlisted and are called at the developer’s site for the use of software by them. After then the customers try out the software for free and report the issues.

通常在开发该软件供公众使用时执行这种类型的测试。 顾名思义，“ alpha测试”意味着测试是由客户在开发人员的站点上执行的。 在开发人员的环境下，遇到错误时，会立即将其报告给开发人员。 为了进行这种测试，入围了一些潜在客户，并在开发人员的站点上要求他们使用软件。 之后，客户免费试用该软件并报告问题。

3. Beta测试 (3. Beta Testing)

This type of testing is also done by the customer the only difference between the alpha and beta testing lies in the type of environment where the testing is done. Alpha testing is done at the developer’s site whereas the beta testing is performed at the customer’s site or in the real world condition. You must have seen an option for becoming a beta tester at the google play store while downloading an app. Becoming a beta tester will give you access to the latest features of the software earlier than others so that you can test that software and can report directly to the developer if you face any issue. The only disadvantage that you’ll have is that the app or the software may crash at your system i.e. user’s environment and can cause a huge damage to his/her system. Conducting beta tests helps in maintaining the reputation of the company and at the same time helps the company to identify the real-world risks that a software may face.

客户也可以进行这种类型的测试，alpha和beta测试之间的唯一区别在于进行测试的环境类型。 Alpha测试是在开发人员的站点上进行的，而Beta测试是在客户的站点或实际情况下进行的。 在下载应用程序时，您一定已经看到可以在Google Play商店中成为Beta测试人员的选项。 成为Beta测试员将使您能够比其他软件更早地访问该软件的最新功能，以便您可以测试该软件，并且在遇到任何问题时可以直接向开发人员报告。 您将拥有的唯一缺点是该应用程序或软件可能会在您的系统(即用户的环境)中崩溃，并可能对其系统造成巨大损害。 进行Beta测试有助于维护公司的声誉，同时有助于公司确定软件可能面临的现实风险。

So next time you opt for beta versions just be aware of the potential risks that your system may encounter while installing that software. But then someone has to opt for beta testing to make other’s life easy, just kidding.

因此，下次选择Beta版本时，请注意安装该软件时系统可能遇到的潜在风险。 但是后来有人不得不选择beta测试来使别人的生活变得轻松，只是开玩笑。

翻译自:

测试类型及其测试场景